My summary

The topic with we started this first period was “tag questions”. 

Hello classmates! This is my summary of the first period.

For me the tag questions are small questions that we asked for the confirmation of what we say on the part of the other person.

For example: You are from Mexico aren’t you?

When the subject of the sentence is “I”, the auxiliary is “to be”, and the sentences is affirmative, in the “tag question” we don’t use am not I, we use aren’t I.

For example: I am your teacher, aren’t I?

If the sentence is affirmative, the “tag question” will be negative, but if the sentence is negative the “tag question” will be affirmative.

Compares these examples:

You didn’t go to the gym, did you?

We bought some sugar, didn’t we?

Another important point about the “tag question” is that we can use them with all the tenses.

We also learned tag question + imperatives.

We can use the tag question + imperative to express an invitation or an order.

Examples:

Open the window, will you?

Order

Do sit down, won’t you?

Invitation

Then we saw “shall” in my opinion “shall” is used to indicate a future action.

Shall has different uses:

Suggestion	Shall we try to finish the project today?
Predestination	He shall become our next president.
Inevitability	I shall reprobate my test of math.
Promises	I shall give you a new cellphone for your birthday.
Voluntary actions	I shall take everything for you.

Then we learned about the simple past and the past perfect.

I learned that we use the simple past to express the idea that an action started and finished at a specific time in the past.

Example: I traveled to Costa Rica.

Past perfect: expresses the idea that something occurred before another action in the past.

Example: I had visited the doctor.

We also learned that: the simple past and past perfect can be used with when and before

When: Depending on the situation.

Examples: 

• When he had lived in Poland, he had a hard life.
• When he had traveled to Paris, he wanted to see the Eiffel tower.

Before: If the actions after “before” is a new action use Simple Past. If the action after "before" started (and was not completed) before a certain time in the past, use Past Perfect.

Example: He had finished his homework before he went to the stadium.

We saw uses of past perfect:

1.We can use the past perfect tense with: already , just and soon

Examples:

• I had already written a book.

• The train had just left when I arrived at the station.

• As soon as she had done her homework, she went to bed.

2.  We use the past perfect when two actions were completed in the past, but one happens earlier.

Example: the movie that you watched, I had watched before.

3.Passive and active voice:

Example:

Active: The little girl had broken the window.

Passive: The window had been broken by the little girl.

4.Frequency adverbs: say how often an activity happens.

Example: She had never seen a bear before she moved to Alaska.

Then we learned about cultural awareness, we learned about the cultural awareness of others countries and we learned more vocabulary related to the manner and etiquette.

We also learned about the health matters and next to this topic we saw the modals “must” and “be able to”.

I learned that we can use “must” when we want to express necessary, obligation and conclusions.

Example:

You must study for the exam

Obligation

Mary has a cat carrier. She must have a cat.

Conclusion

“Be able to”: is used to express ability.

Example: I am able to speak two languages.

Others modals that we learned were “may” and “might” in my opinion we can used “may” and “might” to express possibility, but may also express permission.

Examples:

My mother said that it may snow tomorrow.

Possibility.

The last topic that we saw was causative verbs: get, have, make and let.

Get: we used it to convince someone to do something, with “get” we used “to”.

Example: I get my brother to wash the car.

Have: it is used to give someone a responsibility to do something.

Example: I'll have the carpenter fix my door.

Make: It is used to force someone to do something.

Example: She made her husband help her clean the kitchen.

Let: we used let “to allow someone to do something”.

Example: The teacher lets his students choose the essay topic.